The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the north of the Caribbean Sea. Cuba occupies the territory of the island of the same name in the Greater Antilles, the islands of Youth and many smaller islands.
The relief of Cuba is mostly flat. Uplands and mountains occupy about a third of the territory. The highest mountain range of the Sierra Maestra stretches along the southeastern coast for 250 km. Its highest point is the peak of Turkino (1974 m). Slightly hilly plains occupy approximately 2/3 of the total area of Cuba.
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The Cuban archipelago is washed by the so-called “Cuban countercurrent”, which intersects in the Caribbean Sea with two other currents moving in the opposite direction. Together they form the Gulf Stream. The “coolest” months are from January to March +28-30C day and night +20-22C, and the hottest months are July and August +31C. The water temperature during the whole year is +24-26C. Tropical hurricanes are possible from October to November, but they are extremely rare.